How do DNA polymerases contribute to genetic variation?
DNA polymerases contribute to genetic variation by their role in DNA repair and replication. Errors during replication can lead to mutations, which are a source of genetic diversity.
What is the role of DNA polymerase III in E. coli?
DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for DNA replication in E. coli. It has high processivity and a proofreading function to ensure replication accuracy.
Why do DNA polymerases require a primer?
DNA polymerases need a primer to provide a 3’-OH group for the addition of nucleotides. They cannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo.
Which DNA polymerase is the main enzyme for replication in eukaryotes?
DNA polymerase 𝝳 is the primary enzyme responsible for DNA replication in eukaryotes.
What are the types of DNA polymerases in prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes, like E. coli, have five main DNA polymerases: DNA polymerase I, II, III, IV, and V, each with specific functions in replication and repair.
How do DNA polymerases ensure accuracy during DNA replication?
DNA polymerases have proofreading abilities. They possess 3’→5’ exonuclease activity that removes mismatched nucleotides and replaces them with the correct ones.
What is the main function of DNA polymerases?
DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA during replication and repairing damaged DNA, ensuring the accurate transmission of genetic information.
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