Important Notes For NEET Biology - Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Dicot leaves (dorsiventral) have reticulate venation, differentiated mesophyll (palisade and spongy cells), and more stomata on the lower surface. Monocot leaves (isobilateral) have parallel venation, undifferentiated mesophyll, and stomata equally distributed on both surfaces.

Lenticels are small openings on the surface of stems that allow for gas exchange between the internal tissues and the external environment, facilitating respiration and transpiration.

Secondary growth in dicot stems is due to the activity of the vascular cambium and cork cambium, which increase the thickness (girth) of the stem by forming secondary xylem and phloem.

Xylem conducts water and minerals from roots to stems and leaves, while phloem transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Plant tissues are classified into two main types: Meristematic tissue (actively dividing cells) and Permanent tissue (cells that don’t divide further). Permanent tissue is further classified into Simple tissue (one type of cell) and Complex tissue (more than one type of cell).