What are the main functions of parenchyma cells?
Parenchyma cells are involved in storage, transport of nutrients and water, photosynthesis, gas exchange, protection, buoyancy, mechanical support, and healing and regeneration.
Where are parenchyma cells found?
Parenchyma cells are found throughout the plant in the pith, cortex of stems and roots, mesophyll of leaves, flesh of fruits, and endosperm of seeds.
What are parenchyma cells?
Parenchyma cells are living, undifferentiated cells that make up a significant portion of ground tissue in plants, performing various essential functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and regeneration.
What are the main types of fermentation?
The main types are lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation, acetic acid fermentation, and butyric acid fermentation.
Can fermentation occur in the presence of oxygen?
No, fermentation is an anaerobic process and occurs in the absence of oxygen.
What is the significance of butyric acid fermentation?
Butyric acid fermentation, carried out by Clostridium bacteria, produces butyric acid, which is essential for colon health and energy.
How does fermentation benefit digestion?
Fermented foods improve digestion by maintaining healthy intestinal bacteria and enhancing the immune system.
What are the industrial applications of fermentation?
Fermentation is used to produce wine, beer, biofuels, yogurt, pickles, bread, certain antibiotics, and vitamins.
What is the role of yeast in alcohol fermentation?
Yeast converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde and CO2, and then to ethanol, regenerating NAD+ in the process.
How does lactic acid fermentation work?
In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate from glycolysis is reduced to lactic acid, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.
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