What is the role of thyroxine in the body?
Thyroxine regulates metabolism, ensuring that the body’s cells receive enough energy for normal functioning.
How do hormones like estrogen and testosterone influence puberty?
Estrogen (in females) and testosterone (in males) regulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development in girls and facial hair in boys, during puberty.
What is the function of adrenaline during stressful situations?
Adrenaline increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood glucose levels to prepare the body for the "fight-or-flight" response in stressful situations.
How does insulin regulate blood sugar?
Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen.
What is thigmotropism, and how is it beneficial for plants?
Thigmotropism is the growth response of plants to touch. Climbing plants like peas and vines use thigmotropism to wrap their tendrils around supports, allowing them to grow upwards and access more sunlight for photosynthesis.
How does abscisic acid help plants during drought?
During drought, the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) causes stomata to close, reducing water loss through transpiration. This helps the plant conserve water and survive during dry conditions.
What is the role of gibberellins in plants?
Gibberellins are responsible for promoting stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. They help break seed dormancy and enable plants to grow taller, which is beneficial for accessing light.
Why are reflex actions faster than voluntary actions?
Reflex actions are faster because they are processed by the spinal cord and do not involve the brain. This allows the body to respond quickly to harmful stimuli without conscious thought.
What is the difference between the CNS and PNS?
The CNS (Central Nervous System) consists of the brain and spinal cord, which process and coordinate information. The PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body, carrying sensory and motor signals.
How does the nervous system help animals respond to stimuli?
The nervous system detects changes in the environment (stimuli) through sensory receptors, processes the information in the brain and spinal cord, and generates an appropriate response through motor neurons.
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