What is the role of centromeres during cell division?
Centromeres hold sister chromatids together and attach to spindle fibers, ensuring proper chromosome separation.
What are the different stages of mitosis?
The stages of mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, followed by Cytokinesis.
Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?
Meiosis produces haploid gametes, ensuring genetic diversity and the correct chromosome number in offspring.
What occurs during the S phase of Interphase?
DNA replication occurs, doubling the DNA content while maintaining the same chromosome number.
How does mitosis differ from meiosis?
Mitosis results in two identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells.
What are the main phases of the cell cycle?
The main phases are Interphase (G1, S, G2) and M Phase (Mitosis).
What is the significance of the cell cycle?
The cell cycle is crucial for growth, repair, and reproduction. It ensures genetic continuity and the proper function of cells.
What are polytene and lampbrush chromosomes?
Polytene chromosomes are large chromosomes found in some Dipteran insects with multiple chromonemata. Lampbrush chromosomes are found in oocytes of vertebrates and invertebrates, resembling a brush due to their lateral loops.
What is the significance of karyotyping?
Karyotyping is a technique used to study the structure of chromosomes and identify chromosomal abnormalities.
How are nucleosomes related to chromatin?
Nucleosomes are the basic unit of chromatin, consisting of DNA wound around histone proteins. They help in packaging DNA into a compact structure.
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